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Marika Gidali

After surviving the Holocaust and immigrating from Budapest to Brazil, dancer Marika Gidali became an influential performer, teacher, and choreographer at a time when the arts faced serious repression under military dictatorship. In 1956 Gidali began dancing with the Ballet Company of Theatro Municipal do Rio de Janeiro. Gidali later set up her first school, which was the meeting point for many artists in the mid-1960s.

http://qa.jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/gidali-marika

Miriam Gideon

Prolific composer Miriam Gideon took inspiration for her compositions from great poetry and Jewish prayers. In addition to her career as a musical educator, her works have been widely performed, honored, and published.

http://qa.jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/gideon-miriam

Therese Giehse

Focusing on difficult roles written for older women, Therese Giehse earned a reputation as a talented actress who brought Bertolt Brecht’s works to life. She co-founded an anti-Nazi literary cabaret called The Peppermill in 1933 and was known for touring successful anti-fascist theaterical works. She had a long collaboration with Brecht and developed a reputation as an “intellectual popular actress.”

http://qa.jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/giehse-therese

Ruth Gikow

Ruth Gikow’s figurative paintings and murals offered her a means to comment on society and urban life. She worked on commissions for public spaces in New York, and in the 1960s and 1970s she created political works, depicting scenes from the civil rights and anti-war movements. Gikow’s work is included in the permanent collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Museum of Modern Art, among others.

http://qa.jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/gikow-ruth

Susan Brandeis Gilbert

The daughter of Supreme Court Justice Louis D. Brandeis, Susan Brandeis Gilbert became one of the first women attorneys to argue a case before the Supreme Court.

http://qa.jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/gilbert-susan-brandeis

Élisabeth Gille

Élisabeth Gille (1937-1996) was a French author known most of all for biography of her mother, best-selling novelist Irène Némirovsky, murdered at Auschwitz. It was written borrowing Némirovsky’s voice, narrated in the first person as “dreamt memoirs.”

http://qa.jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/gille-elisabeth

Carol Gilligan

The pioneering work of American psychologist Carol Gilligan changed the way the field of psychology studied women and, arguably, the way society views women. Challenging mainstream psychology through her interrogation of the accepted benchmarks of moral and personal development, she proposed that women and men have different moral criteria and follow different paths in maturation.

http://qa.jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/gilligan-carol

Blanche Gilman

A native New Yorker, Blanche Pearl Gilman contributed her energy and resources to a variety of religious, health, social, and activist organizations. Gilman devoted her career to bringing diverse groups together, from her interfaith work to her leadership in the Pro-Falasha (Ethiopian Jewry) Committee.

http://qa.jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/gilman-blanche

Rosa Ginossar

Rosa Ginossar’s determined lobbying of the British Authority in Palestine won women the right to practice law in Israel.

http://qa.jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/ginossar-rosa

Mirra Ginsburg

Although she moved to North America at a young age, Mirra Ginsburg’s passion for Russian folklore and literature endured throughout her life. Through her deft translations of Eastern European folk tales, and her creation of a few of her own, Ginsburg offered children a window into worlds many of them had never before experienced.

http://qa.jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/ginsburg-mirra

Karen Gershon

Writer and poet Karen Gershon escaped the Holocaust by being sent to England on the Kindertransport. Her best-known book, We Came as Children (1966), documented the collective experiences of refugee children and established her literary reputation in England. Her introspective poetry often reflects on her family and the Holocaust.

http://qa.jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/gershon-karen

Shoshana Gershonowitz

Shoshana Gershonowitz was a leading woman soldier in the Auxiliary Territorial Service during World War II and in the early years of the Women’s Corps in the Israel Defense Forces.

http://qa.jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/gershonowitz-shoshana

Edith Gerson-Kiwi

Edith Gerson-Kiwi was a world-renowned musicologist and a pioneer in the research of the music of the Jewish communities in Israel. In 1970 she received the Engel Prize of the Tel Aviv Municipality for her scholarly work in Jewish music.

http://qa.jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/gerson-kiwi-edith

Berta Gersten

Berta Gersten, a tall, regal, soft-spoken actor, was a highly acclaimed leading lady in the Yiddish art theater movement for fifty years. Her career on the English-language stage, though shorter, was also distinguished. Gersten was one of the original members of Maurice Schwartz’s Yiddish Art Theater, toured worldwide, performed in English films, and acted on Broadway.

http://qa.jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/gersten-berta

Temima Gezari

Artist and innovator Temima Gezari made a lasting impact on Jewish education through her vivid artwork, illustrations of children’s books, and many years of teaching. Her philosophy of using art to teach about Jewish holidays and customs left an indelible mark on countless schoolchildren. After more than 60years in the field, she was a legendary presence in Jewish education.

http://qa.jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/gezari-temima

Gender Identity In Halakhic Discourse

Jewish law is based on an assumption of gender duality, and fundamental mishnaic texts indicate that this halakhic duality is not conceived symmetrically.

http://qa.jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/gender-identity-in-halakhic-discourse

Jewish Women in the Cairo Genizah

The Cairo Genizah (950-1250) contained a vast array of documents pertaining to women’s lives in the medieval Islamic world. Letters, wills, business arrangements, marriage documents, court cases and rabbinic responsa shed light on the lives of the poor and the wealthy, the married and divorced or widowed.

http://qa.jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/genizah

The title page of volume 1, issue 1, of a new series of the Die Deborah newspaper. The page reads, in German): "Vorwärts, meine Seele, vorwärts mit Macht! Eine deutsch-amerikanishe Wochenschrift Foerderung juedischer Interessen in Gemeinde, Schule und Haus. Als Wochenschrift begündet 1855 von Isaac M. Wise. Herausgegeben von einem Vereine jüdischer Schriftsteller."

German Immigrant Period in the United States

Among nineteenth-century German Jewish immigrants to the United States, married women often made their own sources of incomes. However, high rates of poverty in large cities motivated women to create benevolent societies. As women participated more in the public sphere, the traditionally strict dichotomy between male and female roles changed in immigrant communities.

http://qa.jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/german-immigrant-period-in-united-states

Germany: 1750-1945

The Jewish Reform movement did not liberate women from their subordinate religious status, and the nineteenth-century bourgeois German family ideal with its rigid gender roles soon eclipsed the fluid structure of premodern Jewish families. Jewish women were expected to transmit German bourgeois values while also shaping their children’s Jewish identity.

http://qa.jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/germany-1750-1945

Ruth Gay

Through her writing, Ruth Glazer Gay captured an engaging view of the Jewish community, both past and present. As a writer, journalist, and archivist, she demonstrated throughout her life the possibility of having an intellectually vibrant career while still accommodating marriage and motherhood.

http://qa.jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/gay-ruth

Abraham Geiger

Abraham Geiger (1810-1874) was one of the most influential Jewish thinkers of the nineteenth century. He was one of the major intellectual leaders and founders of the Reform movement in Germany and a strong supporter of Jews entering European society. As part of his vision of Judaism, he argued for a Judaism oriented around the home and domestic life, but also a Judaism that both elevated and sidelined the women that had long created that domestic life.

http://qa.jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/geiger-abraham

Hilda Geiringer

A brilliant mathematician who did groundbreaking work in Europe, Hilda Geiringer had to leave her teaching position at the University of Berlin because of Nazi anti-Jewish legislation. She later worked in Turkey, but in the United States, she could only find jobs at women’s colleges despite her many accomplishments.

http://qa.jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/geiringer-hilda

Sylva Gelber

Sylva Gelber dedicated her life to social work, labor politics, and women’s rights. She was the first student to enroll in Henrietta Szold’s School of Social Work in Jerusalem after immigrating to Palestine in 1932. When she returned to Canada in 1948, Gelber became nationally recognized as as a political advocate for women’s rights.

http://qa.jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/gelber-sylva

Elisabeth Rozetta Geleerd

Elizabeth Rozetta Geleerd’s work on extreme psychological conditions such as amnesia and schizophrenia led to new methods for treating seriously disturbed children and adolescents. Along with opening her own private practice, Geleerd became a training analyst and a member of the educational committee of the New York Psychoanalytic Institute and helped shape its child and adolescent analysis program.

http://qa.jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/geleerd-elisabeth-rozetta

Laura Geller

One of the first American women rabbis, Laura Geller has repeatedly challenged exclusions and shown that women’s leadership could bring a different, more meaningful, experience of Judaism. As a leader at the University of Southern California Hillel, the American Jewish Congress, Temple Emanuel of Beverly Hills, and ChaiVillageLA, Geller showed the emerging possibilities of women’s leadership.

http://qa.jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/geller-laura

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