Jews do believe that life starts at birth, but the nishama (soul) exists from conception.
As for your other questions, I've got no clue - those are really heavy-duty halakha (Jewish law) questions, one would have to ask your LR. I know that R Moshe Feinstein said that artificial insem is kosher, so he probably discussed this issue somewhere in Igrot Moshe.
Jews do believe that life starts at birth, but the nishama (soul) exists from conception.
As for your other questions, I've got no clue - those are really heavy-duty halakha (Jewish law) questions, one would have to ask your LR. I know that R Moshe Feinstein said that artificial insem is kosher, so he probably discussed this issue somewhere in Igrot Moshe.