Emmy Noether
Praised by many, including Albert Einstein, as the most important woman in the history of mathematics, Emmy Noether helped develop abstract algebra and crafted a theorem explaining the connection between symmetry and conservation laws in physics. The daughter of Max Noether, an expert on algebraic geometry, Emmy Noether earned her PhD in mathematics from Erlangen in 1907. In 1915 she moved to Gottingen, where she became a teaching assistant and unpaid lecturer, finally earning a salary in 1923. Her work was so influential that despite her father’s and brother’s contributions to the field, it was Emmy who was known informally as “der Noether.” She influenced a generation of mathematicians, several of whom borrowed heavily from her work to write the major textbooks of the field. In 1933 she was forced to leave Gottingen, but quickly found a new position at Bryn Mawr and immigrated to the US. While teaching at Bryn Mawr, she also travelled once a week to lecture at Princeton University and the Institute for Advanced Study. After her early death from cancer her ashes were interred at the cloisters of the Bryn Mawr library.